A Deep Dive into Local Context and Racial Disproportionality

This report examines how local district characteristics are associated with racial disproportionality in special education, highlighting contextual factors that may predict inequitable identification and disciplinary outcomes and inform targeted improvement efforts.

Suggested citation:

Hartwig, J., Aylward, A., & Voulgarides, C.K. (2026). Identifying characteristics that are predictive of racial disproportionality: An examination of one state. City University of New York-Hunter College.

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Impacts of Federal Significant Disproportionality Policy Shifts on State Educational Agency Practices

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Policy in Motion: How Federal and State Systems Shape Disproportionality